Mauritania - A Country Study

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Index Page

  • COUNTRY PROFILE
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
  • INTRODUCTION
  • CHAPTER 1. Historical Setting
  • EARLY HISTORY
  • SANHADJA CONFEDERATION
  • ALMORAVIDS
  • SUDANIC EMPIRES AND KINGDOMS
  • ARAB INVASIONS
  • EARLY EUROPEAN CONTACTS
  • FRENCH COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION
  • Pacification
  • French Colonial Policy
  • French Administration Through World War II
  • Postwar Reforms
  • The Road to Independence and the Quest for National Unity
  • INDEPENDENCE AND CIVILIAN RULE
  • Emerging Tensions
  • Time of Radicalization
  • CONFLICT IN THE WESTERN SAHARA
  • Background to Mauritanian Policy
  • Internal Factors
  • Madrid Agreements
  • Fighting the Desert War
  • Involvement of Foreign Countries
  • Overthrow of the Ould Daddah Regime
  • MILITARY WITHDRAWAL FROM THE WESTERN SAHARA
  • DOWNFALL OF OULD SALEK
  • THE HAIDALLA REGIME
  • Consolidation of Power
  • Political Disintegration
  • CHAPTER 2. THE SOCIETY AND ITS ENVIRONMENT
  • PHYSICAL SETTING
  • Major Geographic and Climatic Zones
  • Saharan Zone
  • Sahelian Zone
  • Senegal River Valley
  • Coastal Zone
  • Expansion of the Desert
  • POPULATION
  • ETHNIC GROUPS AND LANGUAGES
  • Maures
  • White Maure Nobility
  • Zenaga
  • Artisans and Entertainers
  • Black Maures
  • Maure Kinship and Marriage
  • Black Africans
  • Toucouleur
  • Fulbe
  • Soninké
  • Wolof
  • Bambara
  • RELIGIOUS LIFE
  • Origins of Islam
  • Tenets of Islam
  • Brotherhoods and Saints
  • The Qadiriya
  • The Tijaniya
  • Marabouts
  • CHANGING SOCIAL PATTERNS
  • EDUCATION
  • Traditional Islamic Education
  • Modern Education
  • HEALTH AND WELFARE
  • Medical Care
  • Housing
  • CHAPTER 3. THE ECONOMY
  • ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT
  • FISHING
  • MINING
  • Copper, Gypsym, Phosphates, and Oil
  • THE RURAL ECONOMY
  • Herding
  • Farming
  • Crops
  • State Control Mechanisms
  • Land Tenure
  • MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRY
  • ENERGY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • TRADE
  • Imports
  • Direction of Trade
  • BANKING AND GOVERNMENT FINANCES
  • Government Finances
  • BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, DEBT, AND FOREIGN ASSISTANCE
  • CHAPTER 4. GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • POLITICAL CULTURE
  • Impediments to Change
  • GOVERNMENTAL POWER
  • Constitution
  • Constitutional Charter
  • Legal System
  • Local Government
  • Local Elections
  • POLITICAL POWER IN THE MID-1980s
  • INTEREST GROUPS
  • Ethnic Minorities
  • Traditional Elites
  • Women
  • Trade Unions
  • FOREIGN RELATIONS
  • Foreign Policy
  • Relations with France
  • Relations with Morocco
  • Relations with Other States of the Maghrib
  • Relations with Arab States
  • Relations with Communist States
  • Relations with the West
  • Relations with Other African States
  • International Organizations
  • CHAPTER 5. NATIONAL SECURITY
  • EXTERNAL SECURITY PERCEPTIONS AND POLICIES
  • Regional Security Concerns
  • Senegal
  • Libya
  • THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARMED FORCE
  • The Independence Period and the French Military Legacy
  • THE ARMED FORCES
  • The Army
  • The Navy
  • The Air Force
  • Manpower and Military Training Schools
  • Role of the Military in Society
  • Defense Budget and the Economy
  • Civic Action and Disaster Relief
  • PUBLIC ORDER AND INTERNAL SECURITY
  • Law and Crime
  • Internal Security Threats

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